Tax Compliance in Romania
The returns and payments of a Romanian company, month by month: the tax calendar of a Romanian company.
taxes
Taxes in Romania Explained: What a Company and Its Owner Pay
By Mihai Dumitrescu, VAT and tax compliance lead · Reviewed by Ioana Marinescu, Accounting and reporting client lead · Updated October 2026 · Figures as of 14 October 2026
Taxes in Romania: an SRL pays 16% profit tax (art. 17 Fiscal Code) or, if it qualifies and opts in, 1% micro-enterprise tax on revenue (art. 51). It charges VAT at 21% or 11% (art. 291) and withholds 16% on dividends distributed from 1 January 2026. Individuals pay 10% income tax (art. 64), and most returns fall on the 25th.
This guide is written for the foreign owner of a Romanian SRL: what the company pays, what you pay personally, and when. It reads the Fiscal Code in ANAF's consolidation to Law 170/2026, as of 14 October 2026. The day-to-day side is set out in how accounting for a Romanian company run from abroad works.
What a Romanian company pays, what its owner pays personally, and when, with the article behind every rate.
The Romanian tax system at a glance
The Romanian tax system rests on two codes. The Fiscal Code (Law 227/2015, as amended) sets every rate on this page, and the Fiscal Procedure Code (Law 207/2015) sets how taxes are registered, declared and collected. ANAF's consolidation of the Fiscal Code is current to Law 170/2026 and is not a republication.
Local taxes, such as the building tax on company premises, sit in the same Fiscal Code. The table gives each tax its rate, its payer, its article and its date, so the Romanian tax rates, and the tax percentage on each base, read in one place.
| Tax | Rate | Who pays | Article | Since / note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profit tax (impozit pe profit) | 16% of taxable profit | Romanian companies; foreign companies through a permanent establishment | art. 17, 13(1) | paid quarterly by the 25th |
| Micro-enterprise tax | 1% of revenue | a company that meets the conditions and opts in | art. 51(1), 48(1) | single rate from 1 January 2026 |
| Minimum turnover tax (IMCA) | 0.5% inside the formula | companies above EUR 50 million previous-year turnover | art. 18^1 | 2026; applies until 31 December 2026 |
| VAT (TVA) | 21% standard, 11% reduced | the business, charged to its customers | art. 291 | since 1 August 2025 |
| Dividend tax | 16% | withheld from individuals, Romanian companies and non-residents | art. 97(7), 43(2), 224(4)(b) | dividends distributed from 1 January 2026 |
| Withholding on other payments to non-residents | 10% for EU or treaty-resident individuals, 16% otherwise, 50% penal | withheld by the Romanian payer | art. 224(4) | withheld at payment |
| Personal income tax | 10% flat | individuals, on each source of income | art. 64(1) | applied source by source |
| Employee contributions | CAS 25%, CASS 10% | the employee, withheld by the employer | art. 138(a), 156 | monthly on D112 |
| Employer contribution | CAM 2.25% | the employer | art. 220^3(1) | monthly on D112 |
| Building tax | 0.2% to 1.3% of taxable value; 5% if not updated in 5 years | companies owning non-residential buildings | art. 460(2), (8) | rate set by the local council |
Profit tax or micro-enterprise tax: which does the law apply?
Business tax in Romania starts with one question: does the company pay tax on its profit or on its revenue? The micro-enterprise regime is optional (art. 48(1) Fiscal Code), and its conditions decide whether it is open. The sections below state the two regimes, the conditions and the switch as the law sets them, not as a recommendation.
Profit tax at 16%
Profit tax is paid by Romanian legal persons and by foreign legal persons through a permanent establishment in Romania (art. 13(1)(a)-(b) Fiscal Code). The rate is 16% of taxable profit (art. 17). The tax is paid quarterly, by the 25th of the month after quarters I to III (art. 41(1)).
Tax losses are carried forward for 5 consecutive years, up to 70% of taxable profit a year (art. 31(1)). The year closes with the annual profit tax return, form D101 (art. 42(1)); the Fiscal Code and ANAF's calendar page give two different dates for it. The full computation is in how corporate income tax is computed and paid in Romania.
The micro-enterprise tax at 1% and its conditions in 2026
The micro-enterprise tax (impozit pe veniturile microîntreprinderilor) is 1% of revenue, the single rate from 1 January 2026 under OUG 89/2025 (art. 51(1) Fiscal Code; ANAF Brașov table on Title III). It is computed and paid quarterly on form D100, by the 25th of the month after the quarter (art. 56(1)-(2)).
The conditions in 2026 (art. 47 and 48 Fiscal Code):
- Revenue up to EUR 100,000 in lei, tested on revenue at 31 December 2025 (art. 47(1)(c), 54(3)).
- The ceiling counts the revenue of linked enterprises together (art. 47(1^1)).
- At least one employee, or an administrator under a mandate paid at least the minimum gross wage (art. 47(1)(g), 51(4)(b)).
- A new company has 90 days from registration to meet the staff condition (art. 48(3); OUG 8/2026, from 25 February 2026).
- A shareholder holding more than 25% may have only one micro-enterprise (art. 47(1)(h)).
- Annual financial statements filed on time (art. 47(1)(i)).
- The old consultancy-revenue condition is not in the text in force (art. 54(3)).
- Excluded: banking, insurance, capital markets, gambling, oil and gas (art. 47(3)(f)-(i)).
For a company not yet formed, the 90-day window runs from the registration that ends the process of setting up an SRL in Romania from abroad. Each condition is read in depth in the guide to the Romanian micro-enterprise regime.
What happens when revenue passes EUR 100,000 during the year
If a micro-enterprise's revenue passes EUR 100,000 during a fiscal year, it owes profit tax from the quarter in which the ceiling was passed (art. 52(1) Fiscal Code). This in-year test is separate from the opening test: for 2026, eligibility was checked on revenue at 31 December 2025 (art. 54(3)), and the switch runs on revenue as it accrues.
Two rules for large and group companies
The minimum turnover tax (IMCA) applies only to companies with previous-year turnover above EUR 50 million (art. 18^1(1)). For 2026 its rate inside the formula is 0.5% (art. 18^1(16)), and the article applies until 31 December 2026 (art. 18^1(17)).
Art. 25^1, a 1% cap on fees paid to non-resident affiliates introduced by Law 239/2025, was repealed by OG 6/2026 (art. I pt. 1).
Which tax on company profit does the law apply?
Start: a Romanian company, tested on art. 47 and 48 Fiscal Code.
All five met and opted in
micro-enterprise tax, 1% of revenue (art. 51(1))
- Revenue up to EUR 100,000art. 47(1)(c)linked enterprises counted together, art. 47(1^1)
- An employee or a paid administratorart. 47(1)(g)or within 90 days of registration, art. 48(3), 51(4)(b)
- One micro-enterprise per shareholderart. 47(1)(h)for a holding above 25%
- Annual statements filed on timeart. 47(1)(i)
- Not an excluded sectorart. 47(3)(f)-(i)banking, insurance, capital markets, gambling, oil and gas
Any condition not met
profit tax, 16% of taxable profit (art. 17)
- Profit taxart. 1716% of taxable profit, paid by the 25th after quarters I to III
- Revenue passes EUR 100,000 in the yearart. 52(1)profit tax from that quarter
The law's conditions, not a recommendation.
What tax is paid when the company distributes dividends?
The company withholds dividend tax (impozit pe dividende) when it pays the dividend (art. 97(7) Fiscal Code); for a non-resident shareholder the tax is declared and paid by the 25th of the month after payment (art. 224(5)). The rate depends on who receives the dividend and when it was distributed.
The three kinds of shareholder
An individual shareholder pays 16%, as a final tax, on dividends distributed from 1 January 2026 (art. 97(7) Fiscal Code; Law 141/2025 art. VII(1)(c)). A Romanian company receiving a dividend bears 16% from the same date, or from the first day of a modified fiscal year beginning in 2026 (art. 43(2); Law 141/2025 art. VII(1)(a)).
A non-resident shareholder bears 16% on dividends distributed from 1 January 2026, unless a treaty or the EU parent exemption applies (art. 224(4)(b); Law 141/2025 art. VII(1)(h)). One transitional rule holds: dividends distributed on the basis of 2025 interim financial statements stay at 10% (Law 141/2025 art. VII(2)).
Interim dividends and the CASS base on dividends are covered in the dividend tax guide.
When no dividend tax is due
Two exemptions turn on a 10% holding kept for a year. A Romanian company receives a dividend free of tax where it held at least 10% of the paying company for one full year up to the payment date and both companies pay profit tax (art. 43(4)(a) Fiscal Code); a micro-enterprise recipient does not qualify.
An EU parent company is exempt where it held at least 10% of the capital of the Romanian company for an uninterrupted year ending on the payment date and the Romanian company pays profit tax (art. 229(1)(c)); a micro-enterprise payer does not qualify. Both are conditions of the code, stated here as the code states them, not as a way to structure a holding.
What does a non-resident owner pay on fees, interest and services?
Tax in Romania for foreigners, on the company's side, is mostly withholding: the Romanian payer keeps the tax back when it pays and sends it to ANAF. The rate depends on the kind of payment and on where the recipient is resident, so the common reading of '16% on everything' does not hold.
The four withholding rates
Dividends paid to a non-resident are withheld at 16% (art. 224(4)(b) Fiscal Code). Interest, royalties, commissions, fees and payments for services to an individual resident in an EU member state or a treaty state are withheld at 10% (art. 224(4)(c^1)). Any other Romanian-source income bears 16% (art. 224(4)(d)).
Management and consultancy fees paid by a Romanian resident count as Romanian-source income (art. 223(1)). A penal 50% applies to interest, royalties, commissions, fees and services paid into an account in a state without an exchange-of-information instrument, and only where the transaction is artificial (art. 224(4)(c)). The procedure, refunds included, is in the withholding tax guide.
| Payment | Recipient | Rate | Article |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dividends | any non-resident shareholder | 16%, unless a treaty or the EU parent exemption applies | art. 224(4)(b), 229(1)(c) |
| Interest, royalties, commissions, fees, services | an individual resident in an EU member state or a treaty state | 10% | art. 224(4)(c^1) |
| Management and consultancy fees, and any other Romanian-source income | any other non-resident, companies included | 16% | art. 224(4)(d), 223(1) |
| Payments into a state without exchange of information, where the transaction is artificial | any recipient of the listed income | 50% | art. 224(4)(c) |
| Any of the above where a treaty applies | a resident of the treaty state holding a certificate of tax residence | the treaty rate, if lower | art. 230(1), 59(6) |
Withheld at payment and paid by the 25th of the next month (art. 224(5) Fiscal Code); a treaty rate needs a certificate of tax residence (art. 59(6)).
Securities gains of individuals through a Romanian broker follow their own rates from 1 January 2026: 3% on securities held 365 days or more and 6% on those held under 365 days (Law 239/2025, art. XII pt. 12, XIII(2)(c)). ANAF's consolidated Fiscal Code still prints 1% and 3%: it lags the amending law.
How a treaty rate is obtained
Where a double tax treaty applies, the rate on income a non-resident earns in Romania cannot exceed the rate in the treaty (art. 230(1) Fiscal Code). The non-resident proves residence with a certificate of tax residence issued by the competent tax authority of the home state (art. 59(6)).
ANAF's list of Romania's treaties names treaties with 90 partner countries. The newest, with Andorra, was ratified by act 170 of 29 October 2025 and applies from 1 January 2026. The rates treaty by treaty are set out in Romania's double taxation agreements.
How is VAT charged in Romania?
VAT (taxa pe valoarea adăugată, TVA) is charged by the business on its sales and paid to ANAF. Three facts set the position of a small SRL: the rate, the exemption ceiling and the period. The full rate lists are in the guide to the standard and reduced VAT rates in Romania.
Rates, exemption ceiling and registration
The standard rate is 21% since 1 August 2025 under Law 141/2025, published in the Official Journal 699 of 25 July 2025 (art. 291(1) Fiscal Code; ANAF Brașov guidance). From 1 January 2017 until then it was 19%. Since the same date, 11% is the only reduced rate (art. 291(2)).
A small business with annual turnover up to 395,000 lei may stay exempt (art. 310(1)); the ceiling rose from 300,000 lei on 1 September 2025 under OG 22/2025. Registration is requested by the day the ceiling is passed (art. 310(6)). A VAT number requested with the Trade Register filing is valid from the registration date (art. 316(1^1)(a)).
An exempt company that buys or sells services within the EU still needs a VAT code under art. 317. Every Romanian VAT code carries the prefix RO (art. 318(1)).
Returns and RO e-Factura
The VAT period is the calendar month, or the quarter for a business whose previous-year turnover did not exceed EUR 100,000 and which made no intra-EU acquisitions of goods (art. 322(1)-(2)). The return, form 300 (decont de taxă), is filed by the 25th of the month after the period (art. 323(1)); intra-EU operations go on the recapitulative statement D390.
RO e-Factura, the national e-invoicing system, takes B2C invoices from 1 January 2025 (art. 10^1(2) OUG 120/2021). From 1 January 2026 each invoice is uploaded within 5 working days of its date (art. 10(7), as amended by OUG 89/2025); 5 calendar days applied only from 1 July 2024 to 31 December 2025.
What does an employee or a paid administrator cost in tax?
Personal income tax is covered in full in the income tax guide: a flat 10% on the taxable income of each source (art. 64(1) Fiscal Code). On a salary, the employee also owes the pension contribution (CAS) at 25% (art. 138(a)) and the health contribution (CASS) at 10% (art. 156).
The employer owes the work insurance contribution (CAM) at 2.25% (art. 220^3(1)). It declares contributions and income tax monthly on form D112, by the 25th of the month after the one for which the income is paid (art. 147(1)): the monthly return behind our payroll service.
An administrator's pay is income assimilated to salary (art. 76(2)(o)); paid under a mandate at least at the minimum gross wage, it also meets the micro-enterprise staff condition (art. 51(4)(b)). Each rate and base is set out in Romania's payroll taxes.
When does an individual become tax resident in Romania?
An individual is Romanian tax resident if any one of three tests is met: a domicile in Romania, the centre of vital interests in Romania, or presence for more than 183 days in total in any 12 consecutive months ending in the calendar year concerned (art. 7 pt. 28(a)-(c) Fiscal Code).
A resident is taxed on income from every source, in Romania and abroad, from the date residence begins (art. 59(1)(a)-(b)). A non-resident employee is taxed on the net salary from work carried out in Romania (art. 59(1)(d)), and the other Romanian-source income of a non-resident is mostly withheld at source, as the withholding section above shows.
Digital nomads as defined by OUG 194/2002 sit outside CAS (art. 136(b)) and CASS (art. 153(b)) while present in Romania for no more than 183 days in any 12 consecutive months. The residence position of a visa holder is covered in tax residence under the Romanian nomad visa. Residence permits and visa applications are outside this guide.
Would you like your company's tax calendar kept in English?
Monthly and quarterly filings, kept inside an accounting contract by CECCAR-registered accountants.
A worked example: the statutory rates in sequence
This site has no Romanian tax calculator. The example below is arithmetic on the statutory rates, with letters in place of amounts: R for revenue, P for taxable profit, D for a dividend and S for a gross salary. It is not a tool and not advice, and it stops before deductions.
A micro-enterprise
A company on the micro regime pays 1% of R as micro-enterprise tax, computed and paid each quarter (art. 51(1), 56 Fiscal Code).
A profit-tax company
A company outside the regime pays 16% of P, its taxable profit, in instalments after quarters I to III (art. 17, 41(1)).
The dividend
Either company withholds 16% of D when it distributes a dividend from 1 January 2026, before any exemption or treaty rate (art. 97(7), 43(2), 224(4)(b)).
A salary
On S, the employee's side carries 25% CAS and 10% CASS, then 10% income tax on the taxable income; the employer adds 2.25% CAM (art. 138(a), 156, 64(1), 220^3(1)).
What the sequence leaves out
Deductions, the CASS base on dividends, treaty rates and local taxes: each changes the result and sits on its own page or row above.
lane A, a micro-enterprise
- 1
Revenue R
the base of the micro tax
- 2
1% of R
micro-enterprise tax, art. 51(1)
- 3
Dividend D
profit distributed
- 4
16% of D withheld
art. 97(7), 43(2), 224(4)(b)
lane B, a profit-tax company
- 1
Taxable profit P
the base of the profit tax
- 2
16% of P
profit tax, art. 17
- 3
Dividend D
profit distributed
- 4
16% of D withheld
art. 97(7), 43(2), 224(4)(b)
a salary S
- 1
25% CAS
employee, art. 138(a)
- 2
10% CASS
employee, art. 156
- 3
10% income tax
on taxable income, art. 64(1)
- 4
2.25% CAM
employer, art. 220^3(1)
Arithmetic on the statutory rates; deductions, the CASS base on dividends and treaty rates are left out.
When are taxes due? The rhythm of the 25th
Most Romanian returns and payments fall on the 25th of the month after the period they cover. The table shows that rhythm for a small SRL; each company's own dates depend on its regime, its VAT period and its staff, and the full schedule is the tax calendar of a Romanian company. Form titles follow ANAF's forms list.
| Form or act | What | Period | Deadline | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D100 | micro-enterprise tax | quarter | 25th of the month after the quarter | art. 56(1)-(2) |
| D100 | withholding on dividends and payments to non-residents | month of payment | 25th of the next month | art. 224(5) |
| Profit tax payment | quarterly instalment of a profit-tax company | quarters I to III | 25th of the month after the quarter | art. 41(1) |
| D112 | payroll contributions and income tax | month | 25th of the next month | art. 147(1) |
| D300 | VAT return (decont de taxă) | month, or quarter up to EUR 100,000 with no intra-EU acquisitions of goods | 25th of the month after the period | art. 322, 323(1) |
| RO e-Factura | each invoice | per invoice | 5 working days from the invoice date | art. 10(7) OUG 120/2021 |
| D101 | annual profit tax return | year | the Fiscal Code and ANAF's calendar give two different dates | art. 42(1) |
What changed in 2025 and 2026
Rates circulate long after they change. Each change below carries the act that made it and the date it took effect; where the earlier rule is described rather than quoted, the cell names it without a figure.
Changes that took effect in 2025
| From | Change | What it replaced | Act |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 January 2025 | dividend tax 10% | the rate set before OUG 156/2024 | OUG 156/2024 |
| 1 January 2025 | RO e-Factura extended to B2C invoices | B2B invoices only | OUG 120/2021 art. 10^1(2) |
| 2025 fiscal year | micro ceiling EUR 250,000, tested on 2024 revenue | the ceiling that applied before 2025 | OUG 156/2024 |
| 1 August 2025 | VAT 21% standard, 11% the only reduced rate | 19% standard since 1 January 2017 | Law 141/2025 (Official Journal 699 of 25 July 2025) |
| 1 September 2025 | VAT exemption ceiling 395,000 lei | 300,000 lei | OG 22/2025 |
Changes that took effect in 2026
| From | Change | What it replaced | Act |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 January 2026 | dividend tax 16% for individuals, companies and non-residents; 2025 interim dividends stay at 10% | 10% | Law 141/2025 art. VII(1)(a), (c), (h), VII(2) |
| 1 January 2026 | micro ceiling EUR 100,000, tested on 2025 revenue | EUR 250,000 | OUG 156/2024 |
| 1 January 2026 | single 1% micro-enterprise rate | the rule OUG 89/2025 replaced | OUG 89/2025 |
| 2026 fiscal year | IMCA 0.5% inside the formula, applying until 31 December 2026 | the formula rate of earlier years | Fiscal Code art. 18^1(16)-(17) |
| 1 January 2026 | e-Factura upload within 5 working days | 5 calendar days (1 July 2024 to 31 December 2025) | OUG 89/2025 |
| 1 January 2026 | broker withholding on securities gains 3% and 6% | 1% and 3%, still printed in the ANAF consolidation | Law 239/2025 |
| 1 January 2026 | the treaty with Andorra applies | no treaty | ratifying act 170 of 29 October 2025 |
| 2026 | art. 25^1 (1% cap on fees to non-resident affiliates) repealed | introduced by Law 239/2025 | OG 6/2026 art. I pt. 1 |
| 25 February 2026 | 90 days from registration to hire for a micro-enterprise; re-entry ban lifted | the rule before OUG 8/2026 | OUG 8/2026 |
| to 30 September 2026 | inheritance derogation for late successions, now expired | the 2-year rule | Law 170/2026 art. III |
What is ANAF, and how does a company deal with it from abroad?
ANAF (Agenția Națională de Administrare Fiscală, the National Tax Administration Agency) is the Romanian tax authority. It collects profit, micro, dividend, withholding and income tax, VAT and contributions, receives the returns, and runs SPV and RO e-Factura. Most of a company's dealings with it run online.
The channel is SPV (Spațiul Privat Virtual, the private virtual space), a free ANAF service where a company receives tax acts and files. A company identifies itself online only with a qualified certificate (art. 80(1)(a) Fiscal Procedure Code). It may also act through an împuternicit, a representative under a power of attorney (art. 18(1)).
A foreign founder, shareholder or administrator named in the constitutive act receives a NIF requested through ONRC with the company file, and the Ministry of Finance passes the registration back to ONRC the same or the next day (art. 83(1)-(2)). The company's own code is explained in the CUI and CIF of a Romanian company.
A foreign administrator without a Romanian certificate usually works through the accountant, inside the accounting contract. Returns and tax work for clients are performed by CECCAR-registered accountants (art. 6(a), 21(1) OG 65/1994). Stand-alone tax advice, and representation before ANAF sold outside that contract, are reserved to the register of the CCF (art. 3(1)(e), 8(6) OG 71/2001); this site offers neither.
From our practice. A foreign owner's first questions are usually the same three: which regime applies to the company, how money leaves it, and who logs in to SPV. We answer them from the articles this guide cites, then keep the company's calendar inside the accounting contract. Mihai Dumitrescu, VAT and tax compliance lead
Is there inheritance tax in Romania? Property and local taxes
Romania has no inheritance tax as such: money and goods received by inheritance are not taxable income (art. 62(p) Fiscal Code). Real estate is the exception. Inherited property passes without tax if the succession is finalised within 2 years of the death; after that, the heirs owe 1% of the value of the estate (art. 111(3)).
A temporary derogation in Law 170/2026 (art. III) waived the tax for successions finalised by 30 September 2026 whose 2-year term ran out between 14 July and 30 September 2026; that window has closed. The notary computes and collects the tax before closing the succession or authenticating a deed (art. 111(6)).
The same article taxes the sale of personal real estate at 3% if held up to 3 years, 1% if longer (art. 111(1)(a)-(b)). A company that owns its premises pays building tax at 0.2% to 1.3% of taxable value, set by the local council, or 5% if the value was not updated in the last 5 years (art. 460(2), (8)).
Is Romania tax free, or a tax haven?
No. 'Tax free' in Romania refers to the VAT exemption on goods bought by travellers from outside the EU: the sale must exceed EUR 175 including VAT, and the goods must leave the EU before the end of the third month after the month of the sale (art. 294(1)(b) Fiscal Code).
No, nor a tax haven. Romania is an EU member state and is not on the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. What the question usually points at is its flat statutory rates: 16% profit tax (art. 17), 10% income tax (art. 64(1)) and the optional 1% micro-enterprise tax on revenue (art. 51(1)), each with its conditions.
Sources
The Romanian tax laws behind every figure on this page, as of 14 October 2026:
- Fiscal Code, Law 227/2015, ANAF consolidation to Law 170/2026: art. 7 pt. 28, 13, 17, 18^1, 31, 41, 42, 43, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54, 56, 59, 62, 64, 76, 97, 111, 136, 138, 147, 153, 156, 220^3, 223, 224, 229, 230, 291, 294, 310, 316, 317, 318, 322, 323, 460.
- Fiscal Procedure Code, Law 207/2015, ANAF consolidation to OUG 38/2026: art. 18(1), 80(1)(a), 83(1)-(2).
- ANAF Brașov table on the profit and micro-enterprise changes: the single 1% rate under OUG 89/2025.
- Law 141/2025, Official Journal 699 of 25 July 2025: art. VII(1)(a), (c), (h), VII(2).
- ANAF list of double tax treaties: 90 partner countries; Andorra from 1 January 2026.
- Law 239/2025: art. XII pt. 12, XIII(2)(c), broker withholding on securities gains.
- ANAF Brașov guidance on the VAT rates: 21% from 1 August 2025.
- ANAF Brașov table on e-invoicing: OUG 120/2021 art. 10(7), 10^1(2), as amended by OUG 89/2025.
- ANAF forms list: forms D100, D101, D300, D390.
- OUG 156/2024, Official Journal 1.334 of 31 December 2024: dividends in 2025 and the micro ceiling.
- ANAF, Spațiul Privat Virtual (SPV): SPV is a free service.
- OG 22/2025 (VAT exemption ceiling), as announced by ANAF Cluj-Napoca on 12 September 2025; OG 6/2026 art. I pt. 1 (repeal of art. 25^1); OUG 8/2026 (micro-enterprise staff window).
- OG 65/1994 on the accounting profession, text to 2017: art. 6(a), 21(1). OG 71/2001 on tax consultancy: art. 3(1)(e), 8(6).
All consulted in October 2026.
Frequently asked questions about taxes in Romania
Is Romania a tax haven?
No. Romania is an EU member state and is not on the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. What the question usually points at is its flat statutory rates: 16% profit tax (art. 17 Fiscal Code), 10% personal income tax (art. 64) and an optional 1% micro-enterprise tax on revenue (art. 51), each with its conditions.
Is Romania tax free?
No. In Romania 'tax free' refers to the VAT exemption on goods bought by travellers from outside the EU: the sale must exceed EUR 175 including VAT and the goods must leave the EU before the end of the third month after the purchase (art. 294(1)(b) Fiscal Code). Companies and residents pay the taxes this guide lists.
Will my company lose the 1% micro-enterprise tax?
The law moves a micro-enterprise to 16% profit tax from the quarter in which its revenue passes EUR 100,000 (art. 52(1) Fiscal Code). The regime also requires at least one employee or an administrator paid at least the minimum gross wage under a mandate, one micro-enterprise per shareholder above 25%, and annual financial statements filed on time (art. 47).
I live in another EU country: is everything my Romanian company pays me taxed at 16%?
No. Interest, royalties, commissions, fees and payments for services that a Romanian company pays to an individual resident in an EU member state or a treaty state are withheld at 10% (art. 224(4)(c^1) Fiscal Code). Dividends are withheld at 16% (art. 224(4)(b)), unless a treaty sets a lower rate and you hold a certificate of tax residence.
What taxes does a company pay in Romania in 2026?
Profit tax at 16% of taxable profit (art. 17 Fiscal Code) or, where it meets the conditions and opts in, micro-enterprise tax at 1% of revenue (art. 51). It charges VAT at 21% or 11% (art. 291), withholds 16% dividend tax when it distributes profit, pays contributions on salaries and, if it owns its premises, local building tax.
What is the corporate tax rate in Romania?
16% of taxable profit (art. 17 Fiscal Code), paid quarterly by the 25th of the month after quarters I to III (art. 41(1)). Tax losses are carried forward for 5 years, up to 70% of taxable profit a year (art. 31(1)). The minimum turnover tax applies only above EUR 50 million of previous-year turnover and until 31 December 2026.
What is the micro-enterprise tax and who qualifies in 2026?
An optional tax of 1% of revenue, the single rate from 1 January 2026 (art. 51(1) Fiscal Code, OUG 89/2025). It is open to a company whose 2025 revenue, counted with linked enterprises, did not exceed EUR 100,000, that has an employee or a paid administrator, and that filed its annual accounts on time. Banking, insurance and gambling are excluded.
What is the VAT rate in Romania?
21% standard and 11% reduced, both since 1 August 2025 under Law 141/2025 (art. 291 Fiscal Code); the standard rate was 19% from 1 January 2017 until then. A business with annual turnover up to 395,000 lei may stay exempt, a ceiling raised from 300,000 lei on 1 September 2025 (art. 310(1), OG 22/2025).
What is the tax on dividends in Romania?
16% on dividends distributed from 1 January 2026, whether the shareholder is an individual, a Romanian company or a non-resident (art. 97(7), 43(2) and 224(4)(b) Fiscal Code; Law 141/2025). Dividends from 2025 interim financial statements stay at 10%. A Romanian company that held at least 10% for one full year receives them tax-free if both pay profit tax (art. 43(4)(a)).
What tax does a foreigner pay in Romania?
It depends on residence. An individual with a domicile or centre of vital interests in Romania, or present for more than 183 days in any 12 consecutive months, is resident and taxed at 10% on worldwide income (art. 7 pt. 28, 59(1)(a)-(b), 64(1) Fiscal Code). A non-resident pays Romanian tax only on Romanian-source income, mostly withheld at source.
What is the income tax rate in Romania?
10% flat on each source of income (art. 64(1) Fiscal Code). On a salary the employee also pays a 25% pension contribution (CAS) and a 10% health contribution (CASS), and the employer pays a 2.25% work insurance contribution (CAM) (art. 138(a), 156, 220^3(1)). The employer declares them each month on form D112 by the 25th.
Is there inheritance tax in Romania?
Not as such: inherited money and goods are not taxable income (art. 62(p) Fiscal Code). Real estate passes without tax if the succession is finalised within 2 years of the death; after that the heirs owe 1% of the estate, which the notary computes and collects before closing the succession (art. 111(3) and (6)).
What is ANAF and how does a company deal with it?
ANAF (Agenția Națională de Administrare Fiscală) is the National Tax Administration Agency. A company receives tax acts and files through SPV, a free online space, and identifies itself there with a qualified certificate (art. 80(1)(a) Fiscal Procedure Code). It may also act through a representative under a power of attorney (art. 18(1)).
When are taxes due in Romania?
Most fall on the 25th of the month after the period: the VAT return D300, the payroll return D112, withholding tax and micro tax on D100, and the profit tax instalments after quarters I to III (art. 323(1), 147(1), 224(5), 56 and 41(1) Fiscal Code). From 1 January 2026 each e-invoice goes to RO e-Factura within 5 working days.
What changed in Romanian taxes in 2025 and 2026?
VAT rose to 21% standard and 11% reduced on 1 August 2025, and the VAT exemption ceiling rose to 395,000 lei on 1 September 2025. From 1 January 2026 dividends are taxed at 16% instead of 10%, the micro-enterprise ceiling fell to EUR 100,000 with a single 1% rate, and e-invoices are uploaded within 5 working days.